What is secondary victimization and how can it occur?

Secondary victimization refers to the additional suffering experienced by a victim of a crime or traumatic event, often as a result of negative interactions with systems or individuals that are supposed to help them. This phenomenon typically occurs when victims encounter insensitivity, judgment, or outright blame from authorities, such as law enforcement, legal representatives, or social service providers. These interactions can exacerbate the trauma that the victim has already experienced, leaving them feeling invalidated or dismissed rather than supported.

Individuals who experience secondary victimization might feel that their concerns are minimized or that they are responsible for the crime committed against them, which can further erode their sense of safety and trust in the justice system. This form of victimization highlights the importance of trauma-informed approaches in victim services and law enforcement to ensure that victims feel heard, respected, and supported during a particularly vulnerable time.

In contrast, receiving additional support from friends or legal assistance typically aids in the recovery process rather than contributes to further trauma. Similarly, successfully processing trauma represents a positive outcome rather than a form of secondary victimization.